2024-03-28T19:33:52Z
https://review.chpams.org/oai
oai:ojs.scholarlyexchange.org:article/14894
2015-04-01T16:54:47Z
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"150401 2015 eng "
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Heterogeneity in Treatment Effect and Comparative Effectiveness Research
Luo, Zhehui
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ssD0rRwAAAAJ&hl=en
The ultimate goal of comparative effectiveness research (CER) is to develop and disseminate evidence-based information about which interventions are most effective for which patients under what circumstances. To achieve this goal it is crucial that researchers in methodology development find appropriate methods for detecting the presence and sources of heterogeneity in treatment effect (HTE). Comparing with the typically reported average treatment effect (ATE) in randomized controlled trials and non-experimental (i.e., observational) studies, identifying and reporting HTE better reflect the nature and purposes of CER. Methodologies of CER include meta-analysis, systematic review, design of experiments that encompasses HTE, and statistical correction of various types of estimation bias, which is the focus of this review.
The China Health Policy and Management Scoiety
2015-04-01 12:54:18
application/pdf
https://review.chpams.org/article/view/14894
China Health Review; Vol. 2 No. 3 (2011)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Zhehui Luo
oai:ojs.scholarlyexchange.org:article/15001
2015-05-05T20:02:29Z
CHR:ReArt
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"131005 2013 eng "
2325-1549
2325-1557
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Job Satisfaction by Chinese Primary Care Doctors Following Health Care Reform
Shi, Leiyu
Sun, Yang
Nie, Xiaoyu
Meng, Qingyue
The purpose of this study is to compare primary care doctors’ job satisfaction and factors associated with it before and after the latest health care reform in China. Data for the study were obtained from China Primary Care Workforce Surveys conducted in 2008 and 2011. Compared to results from the 2008 survey, primary care doctors (PCDs) in the 2011 survey were more satisfied with their jobs overall as well as work conditions and equipment, but less satisfied with their income. In both surveys rural CHC and village clinic doctors were less satisfied than their urban counterparts with their jobs overall, income, work condition, and equipment. Logistic regressions showed that practice setting (i.e. urban, rural, or village) and educational level were two important factors associated with job satisfaction. These findings demonstrated both significant achievements and further efforts to be made to strengthen primary care workforce and enhance their job satisfaction.
The China Health Policy and Management Scoiety
2015-05-05 15:53:10
application/pdf
https://review.chpams.org/article/view/15001
China Health Review; Vol. 4 No. 3 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Leiyu Shi, Yang Sun, Xiaoyu Nie, Qingyue Meng
oai:ojs.scholarlyexchange.org:article/15182
2015-05-10T13:33:13Z
CHR:ReArt
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"140610 2014 eng "
2325-1549
2325-1557
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An Agent-based Model to Evaluate Positive Externality of Smoking Cessations 采用个体为本模型评估戒烟服务的正外部性
Zhang, Donglan
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ssD0rRwAAAAJ&hl=en
Shi, Lu
Introduction: Cigarette smoking can be viewed as a contagious disease whereby an active smoker will turn nonsmokers into passive smokers. Agent-based models (ABM) have been shown to have the advantage of exploring heterogeneity and inter-agent interaction, as compared with more aggregate models. In this study, we use an ABM framework and simulate a hypothetical tobacco control program in a multiunit dwelling, to examine the program’s “return on investment” in terms of passive smoking reduction. Method: We assume that in a multiunit building of 121 people there are 30 active smokers, with their neighbors as passive smokers. We simulate different spatial distributions of these 30 active smokers. Results: Helping the last active smoker quit smoking gave us a net reduction of four passive smoking cases, revealing a pattern of marginal increase in return to smoking cessation efforts. For population segments where active smokers are more likely to be clustered together (in households, work sites, residential units, etc.) this pattern of “increasing returns to health investments” will be even stronger. Discussion: This hypothetical intervention experiment provides an insight for the potential impact of reducing active smoking prevalence on reducing passive smoking prevalence. A model-based discussion can help public health stakeholders strategize their approaches to design tobacco control programs.
The China Health Policy and Management Scoiety
2015-05-10 09:31:12
application/pdf
https://review.chpams.org/article/view/15182
China Health Review; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Donglan Zhang, Lu Shi
oai:ojs.scholarlyexchange.org:article/15183
2015-05-10T13:33:55Z
CHR:ReArt
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"140610 2014 eng "
2325-1549
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An Overview of Diabetes Management in China: The Application of Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework 中国糖尿病管理概述:慢性病创新照护模式的应用
Li, Chien-Ching
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ssD0rRwAAAAJ&hl=en
China has the largest number of people with diabetes in the world. In the past, no overall assessment of diabetes management efforts has been done in China. Today diabetes has become a significant public health problem in China. It is imperative to gain a comprehensive view of diabetes management efforts within China’s specific socio-political infrastructure. In this study, the Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions framework (ICCC) comprised of Macro (policy environment), Meso (health care organization and community), and Micro (patient interaction) levels developed by World Health Organization was used as an analytic framework to demonstrate status and gaps in existing diabetes management in China. An integrative multi-level literature review was conducted using the ICCC framework. Multiple resources, including English and Chinese-language references databases and information from China governmental health websites, were used. Today, responsibilities for diabetes management in China are mainly delegated to health care providers. This effort could be enhanced and complemented by increased support from the government, more resources for diabetes management in the community; structures from health organizations, and stronger partnerships between health care organizations and the community. The roles of patients and their families in diabetes management should also be elevated. Researchers, health practitioners, policy makers and other stakeholders are able to use the findings to delineate optimal strategies for diabetes prevention and management. In the future, the ICCC framework can serve as the conceptual basis for chronic conditions situation analysis and health care system design in China.
The China Health Policy and Management Scoiety
2015-05-10 09:31:12
application/pdf
https://review.chpams.org/article/view/15183
China Health Review; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Chien-Ching Li
oai:ojs.scholarlyexchange.org:article/16016
2016-09-22T22:11:40Z
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"160424 2016 eng "
2325-1549
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Effects of Socioeconomic Status on Engagement with Program Interventions and Condom use at Commercial Sex Settings among Female Sex Workers in Yunnan Province in Southwest China
Fu, Hongyun
Eastern Virginia Medical School
Wang, Kai
USAID RDMA CAP-TB China Program
FHI 360 China/Kunming Office
Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
Mundy, Gary
Helen Keller International
ABSTRACT: Background: This study examined whether the socioeconomic status (SES) of female sex workers (FSWs) was related to their participation in a community-based peer-led HIV intervention program and HIV-related behavioral and health outcomes, using data from a behavioral survey conducted in Yunnan Province in Southwest China. Methods: A sample of 348 adult women (ages 18-49) who had exchanged sex for cash in the past month were recruited in Mengzi city, using the time location sampling (TLS) method. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using structured questionnaires. F-ratio test, chi-square analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The FSWs on average had more than three commercial partners in past week and 88% had used condoms consistently. 57% of FSWs had sex with regular partners in the past month, among whom 70% used condoms consistently. 17% of FSWs had STs in past three months and 55% reported at least one lifetime abortion. Controlling for confounding factors, the odds of CCU with commercial partners in FSWs who received more than 100 RMB from last sex trade were over five times the odds of those who received less payment (OR=5.38, P<0.1). Attending DiC 1-3 times was related to higher odds of CCU with commercial partners, and the association was stronger for better-educated FSWs (OR high education*DiC 1-3 visits = 13.01, P<0.05; OR DiC 1-3 visits =0.14, P<0.05; OR high education = 0.82, P=0.27 not sig), relative to the less-educated ones. Conclusion and discussion: SES had a significant association with the utilization of HIV prevention services and the risk for HIV/STIs in FSWs in Yunnan. Findings highlighted the need to identify more innovative intervention strategies to address the high co-morbidity of sexual and reproductive health problems in FSWs in China, particularly at the lower-end commercial sex settings.
摘要: 本文运用在云南省蒙自市的女性性工作者(FSWs)人群中所收集的行为跟踪调研数据来研究FSWs的社会经济状况对其参与社区艾滋病预防服务,性行为及其性生殖健康结果之间的关系。本研究采用时间-地点抽样方法,采集样本包括348名在过去一个月曾经以金钱交换过性行为的成年女性(年龄:18-40岁)。数据收集采用结构式问卷和一对一面对面访谈方式。数据分析采用了F-分布检验,卡方分析和二元逻辑回归分析法。研究结果揭示在过去一周蒙自的FSWs平均有三个以上商业性伴,与其持续使用安全套的比率为88%。57%的FSWs在过去一个月中有固定性伴侣,与其持续使用安全套比率为70%。17%的FSWs在过去三个月中有过性病史,55%的FSWs曾经流产至少一次。在控制相关的协变因素后,收入高于100人民币的FSWs在过去一个月和商业性伴持续使用安全套的几率五倍于收入更低的FSWs。参与社区艾滋病干预服务对降低无保护商业性行为的影响在接受中学教育程度或以上的FSWs中效果更显著。FSWs的社会经济状况与其参与防艾项目和感染艾滋病及性病的危险有显著联系。未来的艾滋病项目需要去发掘更创新的干预策略来真正有效地降低FSWs的性生殖健康相关问题,特别是针对社会底层提高低端服务的FSWs。
The China Health Policy and Management Scoiety
2016-04-24 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://review.chpams.org/article/view/16016
China Health Review; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Hongyun Fu, Kai Wang, Gary Mundy