2024-03-28T22:03:43Z
https://review.chpams.org/oai
oai:ojs.scholarlyexchange.org:article/14872
2015-03-31T20:23:55Z
CHR:Perspective
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"150331 2015 eng "
2325-1549
2325-1557
dc
Refocusing China’s Family Planning Commission in the 21st Century
Shi, Lu
http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ssD0rRwAAAAJ&hl=en
Zhang, Donglan
China’s entry into an aging society calls for a transition of its population policy. The State Family Planning Commission (SFPC) could concentrate more on many essential health and human services for the next few decades. Prevention of birth defects and reduction of unnecessary cesarean births are cost-effective interventions that would enhance the health of the upcoming generations. Research and evaluation of modern contraceptive technologies are needed to promote reproductive health and help both the SFPC and users make well-informed decisions. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) testing and counseling deserve the joint efforts of the government, health services, and the society at large. Further, the SFPC’s collaboration with the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Agriculture and the National Women’s Federation can help to reinforce its role in the treatment of infertility and maternal diseases, the provision of public services for low-income families, and the prevention of domestic violence. The SFPC can also play a role in China’s increasing foreign aid, particularly in those countries where artificial contraception and HIV/STD prevention are needed.
The China Health Policy and Management Scoiety
2015-03-31 16:23:55
application/pdf
https://review.chpams.org/article/view/14872
China Health Review; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2011)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Lu Shi, Donglan Zhang
oai:ojs.scholarlyexchange.org:article/14885
2015-04-01T03:16:14Z
CHR:Perspective
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"150331 2015 eng "
2325-1549
2325-1557
dc
Charting an Inevitable Course: Building Institutional Long-term Care for a Rapidly Aging Population in China
Feng, Zhanlian
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ssD0rRwAAAAJ&hl=en
The last 10-20 years have seen a rapid growth of elder care homes across major Chinese cities, primarily in the private sector. Given ongoing demographic shifts, family changes, and profound socioeconomic transformations in China, the rise of institutional elder care seems all but inevitable to meet the growing demand for long-term care of a rapidly aging population. As this new industry expands rapidly, it is imperative for Chinese policymakers to institute a formalized regulatory structure as soon as possible. To this end, building an information infrastructure is essential to enhance regulatory oversight and quality monitoring in Chinese long-term care facilities.
The China Health Policy and Management Scoiety
2015-03-31 23:16:14
application/pdf
https://review.chpams.org/article/view/14885
China Health Review; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2011)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Zhanlian Feng
oai:ojs.scholarlyexchange.org:article/14910
2015-04-02T02:21:30Z
CHR:Perspective
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"150401 2015 eng "
2325-1549
2325-1557
dc
RURAL SANITATION CHALLENGES: GATHERING A MULTI-STAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVE IN YUNNAN, CHINA
Ni, Angela
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ssD0rRwAAAAJ&hl=en
This paper examines the adoption and use of “biodigesters”, a simple waste-to-energy toilet technology in China. Through interviews with stakeholders directly involved and impacted by water and sanitation development in southwestern China, this paper explores the incentives and barriers to scaling-up biodigesters in rural China. It further examines the extent to which biodigesters are in-line with China’s national and local public health priorities, as well opportunities to establish best practices in the emerging private and not-for-profit sectors. After four decades of use in China, the successes and shortcomings of biodigesters are known, and the experience offers valuable lessons to worldwide rural health development and sanitation campaigns.
The China Health Policy and Management Scoiety
2015-04-01 22:20:29
application/pdf
https://review.chpams.org/article/view/14910
China Health Review; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2012)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Angela Ni
oai:ojs.scholarlyexchange.org:article/14960
2015-04-25T03:23:39Z
CHR:Perspective
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"130324 2013 eng "
2325-1549
2325-1557
dc
Tide Turning: China’s Health Care Policy in Transition
Guo, Baogang
This article systematically reviews the historical process of China’s healthcare system reform, and provides his prospective on the future reform direction. The author examined the unintended consequences of China’s market-oriented healthcare reform since the collapse of the socialized health system in 1979, including the sharply decreasing health insurance coverage, diminishing public health prevention services, increasing healthcare costs and worsening inequalities, resulted from the reduction in public health expenditures. In response to the collapse of universal health system, a new Urban Basic Medical Care Insurance System for Staff and Workers (UBMCI-SW) was started in 1993 for urban employees; the New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NCMS) was reestablished in October 2002 for the rural residents; and various forms of medical care insurance schemes were established starting in 2007 to provide coverage for the elderly, children and migrant farmer labors. China has achieved a significant success in restoring its universal healthcare system in one decade, in spite of the limited health services and scope of illness coverage. Witnessing the currently heated debate over whether the future reform direction should focus on marketization or public welfare, Dr. Guo believes that the reform-minded China’s new government will increase public expenditure and focus more on the welfare function of healthcare system.
The China Health Policy and Management Scoiety
2015-04-24 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://review.chpams.org/article/view/14960
China Health Review; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Baogang Guo
oai:ojs.scholarlyexchange.org:article/14973
2015-04-25T03:41:18Z
CHR:Perspective
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"130724 2013 eng "
2325-1549
2325-1557
dc
City Building and Public Health: Threats and Opportunities in China
Wang, Rui
Evidence suggests that the physical and functional aspects of the urban built environment may affect one’s health through physical activity and access to healthy food. Rapid economic growth and urbanization have significantly changed China’s urban built environment, which can have long-term effects on people’s lifestyle and health. To build healthier cities for China’s growing yet aging urban population, researchers should act now to develop robust evidence of the relationship between urban form and health behavior while policymakers need focus on timely decision-making with the limited evidence available.
The China Health Policy and Management Scoiety
2015-04-24 23:40:37
application/pdf
https://review.chpams.org/article/view/14973
China Health Review; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Rui Wang
oai:ojs.scholarlyexchange.org:article/15009
2015-05-10T13:11:48Z
CHR:Perspective
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"131205 2013 eng "
2325-1549
2325-1557
dc
Developments in Medical Tourism
Lunt, Neil
Jin, Ki Nam
As a newly emerging pattern of consumption and production of healthcare services, medical tourism is featured with particular regional characteristics in the range of service for patients elect to travel across international borders with the intention of receiving medical treatment. From perspectives of globalization and supply consideration, this article illustrates the drives, size and scope of medical tourism. Experiences from Korea and UK are introduced to explain commonalities and distinctions of diverse medical tourism treatments and their destinations. In addition, the authors also illustrate payment mechanism, potential challenges and China’s current medical tourism patterns.
The China Health Policy and Management Scoiety
2015-05-05 22:42:43
application/pdf
https://review.chpams.org/article/view/15009
China Health Review; Vol. 4 No. 4 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Neil Lunt, Ki Nam Jin
oai:ojs.scholarlyexchange.org:article/15152
2015-05-10T03:36:28Z
CHR:Perspective
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"120709 2012 eng "
2325-1549
2325-1557
dc
UNDERSTANDING INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD FEEDING CHALLENGES IN CHINA
Wilkinson, Lua J
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ssD0rRwAAAAJ&hl=en
This paper reviews infant feeding challenges China faces in the current economic and social climate. Infant and young childhood is a critical period of growth and development and losses due to under-nutrition are often irreversible. In urban areas, there has been a rapid increase in childhood obesity since the market reform policies of the early 1980’s, with interventions focusing on school-aged children or young adults. Under-nutrition continues to be widespread in many rural areas of China, and while improvements have taken place, most efforts are focused on school-aged children. In both under- and over-nutrition, little attention has been paid to the role infant feeding plays. Through observations and interviews with healthcare workers, mother’s groups and rural-urban migrant women in Shanghai and Yunnan, we attempt to deconstruct social and economic determinants of infant and young child feeding practices in order to illuminate specific barriers and possible solutions. Infant feeding decisions, particularly those regarding breastfeeding, are closely linked to cultural, economic and social values. Education, a crucial component of improving nutritional outcomes, does not alone change infant feeding behavior. Rural-to-urban migration, re-negotiation of family roles, and media as the main source of nutrition information for households each pose unique barriers to providing infant and young children with proper nutrition. Infant feeding and nutrition programs should take a multi-pronged approach that includes education, awareness, and policy.
摘要: 本文讨论在当前经济和社会环境下,中国所面临的婴儿喂养问题。婴儿和幼儿期是生长发育的关键期,在此阶段由于营养不足而造成的不利影响常常是无法弥补的。在中国很多农村地区,营养不足仍然相当普遍,虽然相应的改进措施已经实施,但是大多数只关注于学龄期儿童。在城市中,自80年代市场改革开放以来,儿童肥胖迅速增长,而相应的干预措施也只关注于学龄期儿童及青少年。无论是营养不足还是营养过剩,都没有注意到婴儿喂养在其中所起的作用。教育,虽然是改善营养状况的关键因素,但是单靠教育难以改变婴儿喂养习惯。从农村到城市的移居,家庭成员角色的重新定位,以及家庭营养信息主要来自于媒体等,各自从不同方面对婴幼儿获得适宜营养发挥着独特的作用。因此,婴儿喂养和营养计划应该多管齐下,包括教育、宣传、政策制定等。
The China Health Policy and Management Scoiety
2015-05-09 23:21:53
application/pdf
https://review.chpams.org/article/view/15152
China Health Review; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Lua J Wilkinson
oai:ojs.scholarlyexchange.org:article/15161
2015-05-10T04:03:37Z
CHR:Perspective
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"121010 2012 eng "
2325-1549
2325-1557
dc
INCREASING THE AFFORDABILITY OF HEALTHCARE: COMPARING REFORMS IN CHINA AND THE UNITED STATES 提高医疗服务的可负担性:中美医改比较
Liu, Yuanli
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ssD0rRwAAAAJ&hl=en
This article discusses the conceptual and measurement aspects of health care affordability. It points out that China’s health care reforms need to tackle individual affordability while societal affordability is a critical issue in healthcare reform for the United States. The paper further compares and discusses the approaches adopted by the two countries to ensure healthcare affordability including, expanding insurance coverage and enhancing benefits design, as well as controlling medical costs. The author stated that the United States and China can benefit by learning from each other’s experiences gathered through a systematic monitoring and evaluation of what works and what does not
The China Health Policy and Management Scoiety
2015-05-09 23:59:56
application/pdf
https://review.chpams.org/article/view/15161
China Health Review; Vol. 3 No. 3 (2012)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Yuanli Liu
oai:ojs.scholarlyexchange.org:article/15162
2015-05-10T04:04:15Z
CHR:Perspective
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"101010 2010 eng "
2325-1549
2325-1557
dc
'1+N' method: a promising way to quality and affordable health care for China's 1.3 billion people 只有用“1+N”全民健康保险思路才能让中国13亿人看病不贵不难
Xiong, Maoyou
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ssD0rRwAAAAJ&hl=en
Although recent healthcare reform has expanded health insurance coverage and increased the coverage for selected major diseases, healthcare is still a heavy financial burden for many patients. The advance payment total method commonly used by government health insurance sector in paying medical care providers cannot effectively control the waste and inefficiency in the use of health insurance funds. As a result, abuse of medical examination and surgery, shirking critically ill patients, arbitrary medical charges, indiscriminate drug prescription, artificially high drug prices, and fraudulent insurance claims still exist in some medical institutions.
To make healthcare accessible and affordable to China’s 1.3 billion people, the author proposed that "1 + N" universal health insurance would be a solution where “1” represents one model—the “413” model, and “N” stands for a number of corresponding supporting measures.
The “413” model has been pilot launched in Jiu Jiang City among employees of some financially challenged state-owned enterprises and has been proven effective in improving health service quality and containing healthcare budget. This model includes “four fixed,” “one freedom,” and “three-party payment.”
The four fixed are fixed visiting hospital for the patient, fixed per capita health care costs (based on age and covering clinic, hospital, and preventive care), fixed health care responsibility, and fixed number of patients for a given hospital. Based on this, the government health insurance sector assigns the total health care costs to contracted hospitals (or hospital groups) and the hospitals keep any left-over in costs but will not get reimbursed if costs overrun. The “one freedom” means the patients have the freedom of changing their hospital choice once a year when unsatisfied with current hospital. Under the “three party payment,” the hospital pays the most part of the healthcare costs, the patient pays a small portion, and the government health care agencies pay the special costs caused by major infectious diseases or natural disasters.
This model requires a number of supporting measures. First, a close network of urban and rural community general hospital group must be established to effectively cover clinic, hospital, and preventive care with the fixed per capita health care costs. Second, to improve the efficiency and service quality of public hospitals, private general hospitals or hospital groups must be encouraged. Third, allow patients to choose voluntarily between the 413 model and other health care management models according to the ability to pay of the individuals and their employers. Fourth, hospitals should improve management in order to control cost and enhance service quality. Fifth, government health care funds should focus on the universal health insurance which encourages prevention and early treatment of diseases, especially for the impoverished people. Finally, government health care agencies should give the hospitals the right of using the per capita health insurance funds below the threshold. Government agencies should focus on the coordination of the funds for major diseases above the threshold.
In summary, the “1+N” method bases on the “413” health insurance model and calls for a number of supporting measures. It will be effective in improving the health service quality and making healthcare affordable to China’s 1.3 billion people.
The China Health Policy and Management Scoiety
2015-05-09 23:59:56
application/pdf
https://review.chpams.org/article/view/15162
China Health Review; Vol. 3 No. 3 (2012)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Maoyou Xiong
oai:ojs.scholarlyexchange.org:article/15193
2015-05-10T21:05:12Z
CHR:Perspective
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"141210 2014 eng "
2325-1549
2325-1557
dc
Challenges and Opportunities to Conduct Cancer Care Research in China: Experience from a Pilot Project
Yao, Nengliang
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ssD0rRwAAAAJ&hl=en
Sun, Xiaojie
Background: Cancer has become the leading cause of death in China. Effective cancer control and population science research programs are desperately needed in China. The China Medical Board (CMB) funding has provided us with an opportunity to build a research team specializing in cancer care utilization and access research and demonstrate the usefulness of the accrued data. The CMB-funded project will describe patterns of cancer screening, incidence, and treatment in Shandong Province in China and enable the researchers to understand possible causes of disparities in cancer control in China.
Findings: Although CMB projects do not provide salary support for affiliated American faculty, they do provide Chinese scholars in the U.S. an excellent opportunity to help improve health care in China. There are many challenges and opportunities in health care service and utilization research in China. For example, public data for cancer care research does not exist. We had to acquire secondary data from several governmental organizations andreconciled regional variations in data management. After acquiring all the data, we could create the most comprehensive cancer access, utilization, and outcomes research database to date in China and possibly expand this research in Shandong and other provinces. Students and analysts need to be trained to ensure the confidentiality of data linked to personal identifiers of patients and providers. At the same time, users need to learn how to manipulate and analyze large scale, messy, secondary data.
Discussion: We hope that the key findings will identify innovative scientific opportunities to improve cancer control and reduce inequities in communities. We intend to prepare manuscripts and reports in Chinese to disseminate findings to communities, policy makers, health care providers, and the scientific community. From the policy perspective, this study is a demonstration project drawing policy makers’ attention to the importance of comprehensive cancer prevention and control data collection, both for accurate assessment and informed decision making with a high likelihood to effect desired change.
The China Health Policy and Management Scoiety
2015-05-10 16:49:27
application/pdf
https://review.chpams.org/article/view/15193
China Health Review; Vol. 5 No. 2 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Nengliang Yao, Xiaojie Sun
oai:ojs.scholarlyexchange.org:article/15194
2015-05-10T21:05:47Z
CHR:Perspective
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"141210 2014 eng "
2325-1549
2325-1557
dc
The Statute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in China
Pan, Xi
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ssD0rRwAAAAJ&hl=en
This commentary discusses the significance and improvement of the drafted regulation on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) proposed by the Chinese government. The draft regulation is significant in emphasizing the need of evidence-based scientific and evaluation research of TCM; guiding the design of deliverable and high-quality TCM healthcare service to urban as well as rural communities in China; and confirming the scientific value of TCM. However, a few sections in the draft need to be readdressed and spelled out. Pharmaceutical formulae and medicine production shall require license and certification; experienced TCM professionals should be invited to teach and evaluated by students to substitute the “master-to-apprentice” training; specific plans that lead to qualitative change of TCM and legal liability related to TCM practice need to be elaborated; and the consequence of violation of the regulation shall be specified.
The China Health Policy and Management Scoiety
2015-05-10 16:49:27
application/pdf
https://review.chpams.org/article/view/15194
China Health Review; Vol. 5 No. 2 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Xi Pan
oai:ojs.scholarlyexchange.org:article/15195
2015-05-10T21:06:26Z
CHR:Perspective
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"141210 2014 eng "
2325-1549
2325-1557
dc
Comments on the Draft of Traditional Chinese Medicine Act
Zhang, Jinhua
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ssD0rRwAAAAJ&hl=en
The Draft of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Act was published by the State Council Legislative Affairs Office in June. This is an important step to formalize the governance of TCM. This paper briefly reviews the history of TCM, the advantage of TCM, and the challenges towards TCM. The commentary highlights the needs in the education, research, and regulation of TCM in China.
The China Health Policy and Management Scoiety
2015-05-10 16:49:27
application/pdf
https://review.chpams.org/article/view/15195
China Health Review; Vol. 5 No. 2 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Jinhua Zhang
oai:ojs.scholarlyexchange.org:article/15196
2015-05-10T21:06:53Z
CHR:Perspective
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"141210 2014 eng "
2325-1549
2325-1557
dc
Medical hierarchy in professional ranking and its implications in China
Zhang, Lingling
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ssD0rRwAAAAJ&hl=en
Medical hierarchy is a system where health professionals are ranked according to certain criteria. While hierarchy helps identify the seniority and mentorship to which junior practitioners can refer, it can also become a barrier in medical practice and sometimes lead to undesirable perceptions and consequences for both medical professionals and patients. Physicians in Denmark perceived the hierarchical position as a major determinant of influence on technical and ethical decisions.1 German physicians complained about the monarchy-like system in clinical positions that led to a negative working atmosphere and reduced health-related quality of life among young physicians.2 Srivastava3, drawing from the author’s own medical practice in the US, showed that blind adherence to hierarchy defined by medical specialties could lead to disastrous outcomes.
The China Health Policy and Management Scoiety
2015-05-10 16:49:27
application/pdf
https://review.chpams.org/article/view/15196
China Health Review; Vol. 5 No. 2 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c) 2015 Lingling Zhang